15 KiB
convention 4 kubernetes: c4k-common
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Rationale
There are many comparable solutions for creating c4k deployments like helm or kustomize.
kustomize is great to manage your k8s manifests by splitting huge files into handy parts.
helm is great because of its large community.
Why do we need another one? Why do you continue the reading here?
We combine the simplicity of kustomize with the ability to do real programming like software developers would do.
Following the principle
"Use programming language for programming"
we clearly enjoy writing Kubernetes manifests with Clojure. In comparison to helms templating, things such as business logic, conventions, input validation, versions, dependencies and reuse are much easier and much more reliable to implement with c4k.
By the way, c4k means "convention for kubernetes".
Features
c4k-common supports the following use cases:
- convention 4 kubernetes: c4k-common
Target CLI and Web Frontend
To create your own c4k module set up your cli analogous to the following:
(defn -main [& cmd-args]
(uberjar/main-common
"c4k-forgejo" ;; name of your app
core/config? ;; schema for config validation
core/auth? ;; schema for credential validation
core/config-defaults ;; want to set default values?
core/k8s-objects ;; the function generate the k8s manifest
cmd-args ;; command line arguments given
))
The full example can be found here: https://repo.prod.meissa.de/meissa/c4k-forgejo/src/branch/main/src/main/clj/dda/c4k_forgejo/uberjar.clj
With c4k instead of using cli to generate manifests, you can also generate your manifests via web-application (using page local js without server interaction)
<html>
<head>
<link href="bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="c4k-content"></div>
<script src="js/main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
See: https://repo.prod.meissa.de/meissa/c4k-forgejo/src/branch/main/public/index.html
Separate Configuration From Credentials
We think it is a good idea to have credentials separated from configuration. All our functions, cli and frontend are following this principle. Thus, for executing separated config and authentication infos have to be provided.
The following command line yields the resulting k8s manifests in k8s-manifest.yaml:
java -jar c4k-common.jar config.edn auth.edn > k8s-manifest.yaml
Using the tool jarwrapper the command line can even be shortened to:
c4k-common config.edn auth.edn > k8s-manifest.yaml
Input as EDN or Yaml
c4k-common supports yaml and edn as format for all of its resources (input and output). Hence, the following command line will also work:
c4k-common config.yaml auth.yaml > k8s-manifest.yaml
Inline k8s Resources for Versioning & Dependencies
We inline all resources used in our libraries & applications. You can generate k8s manifests everywhere without additional external dependencies.
In case of
- java: Resources are included in the jar-file out of the box (see https://repo.prod.meissa.de/meissa/c4k-forgejo/src/branch/main/project.clj#L13).
- js: With a slim macro call we inline resources to the resulting js file (see https://repo.prod.meissa.de/meissa/c4k-forgejo/src/branch/main/src/main/cljc/dda/c4k_forgejo/forgejo.cljc#L72-L74)
- native: On native builds we also inline resources (see https://repo.prod.meissa.de/meissa/c4k-forgejo/src/branch/main/build.py#L126)
Work on Structured Data Instead of Flat Templating
To keep things simple, we also do templating. But we convert given k8s resources to structured data. This allows us to have more control and do unit tests:
k8s-resource:
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
name: ratelimit
spec:
rateLimit:
average: AVG
burst: BRS
Replace values:
(defn-spec generate-rate-limit-middleware pred/map-or-seq?
[config rate-limit-config?]
(let [{:keys [max-rate max-concurrent-requests]} config]
(->
(yaml/load-as-edn "forgejo/middleware-ratelimit.yaml")
(cm/replace-key-value :average max-rate)
(cm/replace-key-value :burst max-concurrent-requests))))
Have a unit-test:
(deftest should-generate-middleware-ratelimit
(is (= {:apiVersion "traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1",
:kind "Middleware",
:metadata {:name "ratelimit"},
:spec {:rateLimit {:average 10, :burst 5}}}
(cut/generate-rate-limit-middleware {:max-rate 10, :max-concurrent-requests 5}))))
Validate Your Inputs
Have you recognized the defn-spec macro above? We use allover validation, e.g.
(def rate-limit-config? (s/keys :req-un [::max-rate
::max-concurrent-requests]))
(defn-spec generate-rate-limit-middleware pred/map-or-seq?
[config rate-limit-config?]
...)
Namespaces
We support namespaces for ingress & postgres (monitoring lives in it's own namespace monitoring).
(dda.c4k-common.namespace/generate {:namespace "myapp"})
yields:
[{:apiVersion "v1"
:kind "Namespace"
:metadata {:name "myapp"}}]
which renders to:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: myapp
Ingress
In most cases we use generate-ingress-and-cert which generates an ingress in combination with letsencrypt cert for a named service.
(dda.c4k-common.ingress/generate-ingress-and-cert
{:fqdns ["test.jit.si"]
:service-name "web"
:service-port 80})
yields:
[{:apiVersion "cert-manager.io/v1",
:kind "Certificate",
...
:spec
{:secretName "web",
:commonName "test.jit.si",
:duration "2160h",
:renewBefore "720h",
:dnsNames ["test.jit.si"],
:issuerRef {:name "staging", :kind "ClusterIssuer"}}}
{:apiVersion "networking.k8s.io/v1",
:kind "Ingress",
...
:spec
{:tls [{:hosts ["test.jit.si"], :secretName "web"}],
:rules
[{:host "test.jit.si",
:http {:paths [{:path "/",
:pathType "Prefix",
:backend
{:service {:name "web",
:port {:number 80}}}}]}}]}}]
which renders to:
apiVersion: cert-manager.io/v1
kind: Certificate
...
spec:
secretName: web
commonName: test.jit.si
duration: 2160h
renewBefore: 720h
dnsNames:
- test.jit.si
issuerRef:
name: staging
kind: ClusterIssuer
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
...
spec:
tls:
- hosts:
- test.jit.si
secretName: web
rules:
- host: test.jit.si
http:
paths:
- pathType: Prefix
path: /
backend:
service:
name: web
port:
number: 80
Postgres Database
If your application needs a database, we often use postgres:
(cut/generate-deployment {:postgres-image "postgres:16"})
yields:
{:apiVersion "apps/v1",
:kind "Deployment",
...
:spec
{:selector {:matchLabels {:app "postgresql"}},
:strategy {:type "Recreate"},
:template
{:metadata {:labels {:app "postgresql"}},
:spec
{:containers
[{:image "postgres:16",
:name "postgresql",
:env
[{:name "POSTGRES_USER", :valueFrom {:secretKeyRef {:name "postgres-secret", :key "postgres-user"}}}
{:name "POSTGRES_PASSWORD", :valueFrom {:secretKeyRef {:name "postgres-secret", :key "postgres-password"}}}
{:name "POSTGRES_DB", :valueFrom {:configMapKeyRef {:name "postgres-config", :key "postgres-db"}}}],
:ports [{:containerPort 5432, :name "postgresql"}],
:volumeMounts
[...],
:volumes
[...]}}}}
which renders to:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
...
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: postgresql
strategy:
type: Recreate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: postgresql
spec:
containers:
- image: postgres:16
name: postgresql
env:
- name: POSTGRES_USER
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: postgres-secret
key: postgres-user
- name: POSTGRES_PASSWORD
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: postgres-secret
key: postgres-password
- name: POSTGRES_DB
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: postgres-config
key: postgres-db
ports:
- containerPort: 5432
name: postgresql
volumeMounts:
...
volumes:
...
We optimized our db installation to run between 2Gb anf 16Gb Ram usage.
Monitoring With Grafana Cloud
With minimal config of
(def conf
{:k3s-cluster-name "your-cluster-name"
:k3s-cluster-stage :prod
:grafana-cloud-url "your-url"})
(def auth
{:grafana-cloud-user "user"
:grafana-cloud-password "password"})
(monitoring/generate conf auth)
You can connect your application to grafana cloud.
Refactoring & Module Overview
| Module | Version | common load-as-edn | groups for webview | use common ingress | use common monitoring | validate examples | ci with pyb | inline-macro to load resources | native build | namespaces |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| c4k-keycloak | 0.2 | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
| c4k-taiga | 0.1 | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| c4k-nextcloud | 4.0 | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
| c4k-jitsi | 1.6 | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
| c4k-forgejo | 3.0 | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| c4k-shynet | 1.0 | |||||||||
| c4k-website | 2.0 | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
Development & Mirrors
Development happens at: https://repo.prod.meissa.de/meissa/c4k-common
Mirrors are:
- https://gitlab.com/domaindrivenarchitecture/c4k-common (issues and PR)
- https://github.com/DomainDrivenArchitecture/c4k-common
For more details about our repository model see: https://repo.prod.meissa.de/meissa/federate-your-repos
License
Copyright © 2022, 2023, 2024 meissa GmbH Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License") Pls. find licenses of our subcomponents here